Hey have you ever wonder how computer communicate and print your girlfriend text on screen yeah you are right through the base2 or binary but how even how image,text,video etc are convert into binary in this session you will able to know about it.
How binary originates
Through the origin of computers and machine the father of computer Charles Babbage chose to use base 10 (decimal) primarily because of engineering practicality and the human workflow of the 1800s. all the calculation are done via gear so even if they able to introduce binary it would have required a massive, secondary mechanical system just to translate human decimal inputs into binary zeros and After calculating, the machine would then need another complex mechanism to translate the binary back into decimal so the built-in printer could stamp readable charts for humans.
The Nature of Gears vs. Electricity
Modern computers use binary because they run on electricity. An electronic transistor is a simple switch: it is either On (1) or Off (0). Managing two distinct electronic states is incredibly efficient and reliable. Using just two states makes computers incredibly reliable and lightning-fast. If computers tried to use base 10 electrically (needing 10 different levels of voltage to represent 0 through 9), the slightest power fluctuation would cause massive calculation errors. With binary, a switch is simply on or off.
The Building Blocks: Bits and Bytes
Because binary only has two options, we use specific terms to measure it: • Bit (Binary Digit): The smallest unit of data. A single 0 or 1. • Byte: A group of 8 bits (e.g., 01001011). A single byte can represent a number from 0 to 255, or a single letter of the alphabet.
Now i know binary but how does other dictum send other than Number.
To send letters our superpower decided to make a set of rules that define computer what to print on screen called ASCII (pronounced ASK-ee) stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange. It is the universal translation system that bridges the gap between human language and computer binary. Because computers can only understand numbers (0s and 1s), they need a standardized codebook to know that a specific number represents a specific letter or symbol on your keyboard. ASCII was created in 1963 to solve a major problem: early computer brands all used their own secret codes. A document typed on an IBM computer looked like complete gibberish if you opened it on a computer made by a different company. ASCII standardized it so all computers could talk to each other.
How ASCII Works?
The original ASCII standard is a 7-bit code. This means it uses combinations of seven 0s and 1s, which allows for exactly 128 unique combinations (numbered 0 through 127). Every character on a standard English keyboard is assigned a specific number
The Anatomy of a Single Character
When i press the letter “H” on your keyboard, a three-step translation happens instantly inside the computer:
- You Type: H
- ASCII Translation: The computer looks at the ASCII table and finds that H equals the decimal number 72.
- Binary Conversion: The number 72 is converted into a 7-bit binary sequence: 1001000. Your computer stores or sends those exact seven electrical pulses (On-Off-Off-On-Off-Off-Off). When it needs to display it back to you, it reverses the process.
The Limitation of ASCII
Because ASCII only goes up to 128 characters, it only works for English and basic punctuation. It has no room for accented letters (like é or ü), non-Latin alphabets (like Hindi, Chinese, or Bhojpuri), or modern emojis (like 🖕). To solve this, modern computers now use a massive extension of ASCII called Unicode (UTF-8), which contains over 150,000 characters but still keeps the original ASCII codes exactly the same for backward compatibility.